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The Legion of Valor is a federally chartered corporation created to promote patriotic allegiance to the United States, fidelity to the U.S. Constitution, and popular support for civil liberties and the permanence of free institutions.〔Text of federal legislation, (36 USC CHAPTER 1303 - Legion of Valor of the United States of America, Incorporated, 01/08/2008 )〕 Its membership is open to recipients of the Medal of Honor, the Distinguished Service Cross, the Navy Cross and the Air Force Cross.〔(Legion of Valor web site, membership application )〕 ==History== In 1890 the Medal of Honor Legion was organized by Civil War and Indian Wars Medal of Honor recipients.〔Roster of the Medal of Honor Legion, published by the Legion, 1897〕 At the end of the nineteenth century Civil War veterans began to seek recognition of their prior service and heroism in requesting awards of the Medal of Honor, which had been created in 1862. At the same time, recipients of the Medal of Honor recognized that the Grand Army of the Republic and other veterans organizations had begun presenting awards that resembled the Medal of Honor, and that a large number of impostors were pretending to be war heroes. As a result, the Medal of Honor Legion was created to protect the integrity of the award by lobbying for changes including the creation of a centralized roster of recipients, and to investigate individuals claiming to have received the award, so that pretenders could be exposed and awards that had been erroneously presented could be revoked.〔The Objects of the Hereditary Societies and the Military and Naval Orders of the United States, by Eugene Zieber, 1895, pages 14 to 16〕 Following the Spanish–American War membership was expanded to include Medal of Honor recipients of that conflict and the Philippine–American War.〔(Congressional Medal of Honor Society web site, history page )〕 In 1910, a dispute over who would be eligible for membership led Daniel Sickles and several other members of the Medal of Honor Legion to leave and form a new group, the Military Order of the Medal of Honor.〔(Honor Medal Men Divide ), ''New York Times'', January 31, 1910〕〔Patriotic Societies of the United States and Their Lapel Insignia, compiled and edited by Sydney A. Phillips, 1914, pages 84 to 86〕 After the end of World War I in 1918 the Medal of Honor Legion again expanded membership to include military members who had received the Distinguished Service Cross.〔Handbook of Information and Instructions for Home Service Workers, published by American National Red Cross, 1921, page 297〕 Membership was again expanded in 1933 to include recipients of the Navy Cross, and the name of the organization was changed to The Army and Navy Legion of Valor.〔(War Heroes Organize ), ''New York Times'', April 7, 1933〕 The successor organization to the Military Order of the Medal of Honor, the Congressional Medal of Honor Society, became active in the late 1940s and was federally chartered in 1958.〔(Newspaper article, Honor Medal group to Hold Convention ), ''Miami News'', November 2, 1956〕〔''Beyond Glory: Medal of Honor Heroes in Their Own Words'', by Larry Smith, 2004, page xv〕 When the Air Force Cross was created in 1961, recipients of this award were made eligible for membership, and the name was changed to the Legion of Valor of the United States of America, Inc.〔United States Statutes, published by U.S. Office of the Federal Register, 1961, Volume 75, page 95〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Legion of Valor of the United States of America, Incorporated」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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